eBook Description
Many energy practitioners are either uninformed or misinformed regarding how electricity is actually priced. Many are also unaware of how to properly calculate potential dollar savings from energy efficiency upgrades.
Designed for commercial/industrial/institutional (C&I) power customers, this book details ways to secure lower electric rates and pricing in both regulated and deregulated retail power markets. The range of options varies from simple methods (e.g., minimizing sales tax) to more complex techniques (e.g., intervening in regulatory rate proceedings). With 40+ years’ experience in energy services, Mr. Audin provides an excellent understanding of power pricing and ways to reduce it.
Table of Contents
- Introduction
- Acronyms and Abbreviations
- Section I: Background
- Chapter 1 The Bottom Line
- Chapter 2 Understanding The Basic Power System
- Evolution of the Electric Utilities
- Utility Geography
- Utility Financial Structures Vary
- New Players in the Power Game
- How the Grids Expanded
- The Three Main Functions Of Utilities
- Retail Deregulation Impacts Some Utilities
- Chapter 3 Understanding Power Pricing
- Average Versus Actual Electric Rates
- To Understand the Options, Learn the Lingo
- Unbundling Electric Rates
- Basic Electricity and Tariff Units
- How Peak Demand May Be Measured
- Why Understanding Peak Demand Is Important
- Chapter 4 Typical Components in a C&I Electric Bill
- Fixed Charges
- Major Variable Charges
- Program Charges and Taxes
- Many Pieces in the Pie
- Chapter 5 First Steps in a Rate Analysis
- Tips to Make Analysis Easier
- Break Down Dense Language
- Use Utility Accounting Software
- Review Alternative Rates
- What Tariffs May Not Show
- Section II: Options for Rate and Cost Reductions
- Chapter 6 (Mostly) Administrative Options
- Avoid, Shift, and/or Reduce Taxes
- Minimize Bill Processing Costs
- Aggregate Meters/Accounts
- Re-classify Loads/Accounts
- Lower Service Firmness
- Seek A CHP Deferral Option
- Find Billing Errors Using a Professional Utility Bill Auditor
- Utilize Financial Techniques
- Chapter 7 Utilizing Metering and Dynamic Rate Options
- How Utility Metering Is Changing
- A Brief Tutorial on Interval Data
- How to Get the Data
- Evaluating a TOU Rate
- Power Pricing Based on Utility Load Profiles
- A Slightly Extreme Example
- Who May Benefit From TOU?
- Get It ‘Wholesale’ via RTP
- Who May Benefit from RTP?
- Chapter 8 Equipment/Technical/ Operational Options
- Reduce or Eliminate a Reactive Power Charge
- Convert Electric Loads to Natural Gas
- Get Paid to Cut Load By Demand Response Programs
- What Dr is All About
- Who Offers DR Programs/Tariffs?
- Cut a Distribution Rate by Upgrading Voltage Service
- Pursue Transmission Bypass
- Buy Cheaper Power Generated On-site
- Negotiating Cogeneration
- Cash in on Options for Using Alternative Energy Sources
- Section III: Changing The Rules
- Chapter 9 Negotiating with Utilities
- IOUs: Often the Toughest Nuts to Crack
- Munis and Co-ops May be Easier
- Authorities Are a Mix
- Possible Mechanisms for a Resolution
- Negotiation Is Never a Simple or Easy Task
- Sweat the Details of a Proposed Deal
- Chapter 10 Intervening to Help Write the Rates
- Introduction
- Understanding Rate Proceedings
- To Succeed, Don’t Go It Alone
- Section IV: Competitive Retail Power Procurement
- Chapter 11 Buying from Competing Electricity Suppliers
- Introduction
- Historical Background
- How the Purchasing Process Works
- Preparing for Retail Power Procurement
- Chapter 12 Options for Competitive Supply Pricing
- Price Content and Structure
- Common Types of Power Products
- Chapter 13 Managing Competitive Power Procurement
- Finding and Choosing Retail Power Suppliers
- RFI Content
- Price Discovery Methods and Tools
- RFP Content
- Chapter 14 Ways to Save Money and/or Increase Value
- Chapter 15 Negotiating/Improving a Supply Contract
- How to Improve a Contract
- Post Bid Options
- Appendices
- Glossary of Tariff and Energy Procurement Terms
- Index
Author: Lindsay Audin
e-ISBN: 9788770223386